Traditional essay:
1. Classify renal tumors. Mention the histological types of renal cell carcinoma. Describe the morphology of Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Add a note on the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma. (3+2+6+4=15marks).
2. Describe the clinical features, etiopathogenesis and morphology of the kidney in Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis. (3+5+7= 15marks)
Modified essay:
1. An 8 year old boy was admitted with malaise, fever, oliguria, cocoa-coloured urine 2 weeks after recovery from sore throat. On examination, he was found to have periorbital oedema and moderate hypertension. (2+4+6+3=15)
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) Describe the etiopathogenesis of the condition?
c) Describe the morphology of the organ involved.
d) List the urinary findings of the condition.
2. A 58 year old male having fever and weight loss presented with painless hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass in the left renal angle. CT scan confirmed a specific organ mass lesion, regional lymph nodes and renal vein involvement. Chest radiography showed pulmonary “cannonball” secondaries and his PCV is of 60%. (2+4+6+3=15)
a) What is the provisional diagnosis?
b) Discuss the etiopathogenesis of the lesion.
c) Describe its morphology.
d) Mention various paraneoplastic syndromes produced by this lesion.
3. A 4 year old female child was brought to the paediatric OP with features of generalised edema. Urine analysis revealed proteinuria of 3.5gm/day and oval fat bodies. No RBCs were seen in urine microcopy. (2+4+6+3=15)
a) What is the provisional diagnosis?
b) Describe the etiopathogenesis of the condition?
c) Describe the morphology of the organ involved.
d) List the urinary findings of the condition.
Short essay: 8 marks
1. Polycystic kidney disease.
2. Morphological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.
3. Obstructive nephropathy.
4. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis – etiopathogenesis and morphology.
5. Lupus nephritis.
6. Describe the histology of the kidney in diabetic nephropathy.
Short answer: 4 marks
1. Renal calculi.
2. Minimal change disease.
3. IgA nephropathy.
4. Chronic pyelonephritis.
5. Nephroblastoma.
6. RPGN.
Name the following: 1 mark
1. Most common gene mutated in sporadic clear cell renal carcinoma.
2. Components of staghorn calculi.
3. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction to the outflow of urine is called ……………….
4. Most common cause for nephrotic syndrome in children is ………………
5. What is the IF finding in Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
6. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is characterized by formation of …………………… in the glomeruli.